Cavities: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Cavities are small holes in the teeth that develop as a result of tooth decay. During the decay process, the outer layers of the teeth, known as enamel and dentin, are gradually worn away, creating eroded areas called cavities.

Request an Appointment

Causes of Cavities

Cavities form due to a buildup of bacteria, food particles, and saliva, which combine to create dental plaque, a sticky film that coats the teeth. Plaque produces acids that attack the tooth enamel and dentin, leading to decay and cavity formation. Regular brushing and cleaning help reduce plaque buildup, but cavities often develop in the back teeth, which are harder to reach.

Symptoms of Cavities

Symptoms depend on the severity and location of the cavity. Early-stage cavities may not cause noticeable symptoms, but as decay progresses, patients may experience:

  • Tooth pain
  • Tooth sensitivity
  • Discomfort while eating or drinking certain foods or beverages
  • Visible holes or pits in the teeth

Treatment of Cavities

Treatment depends on the extent of the decay, which is why early detection is important. Common treatment options include:

  • Fluoride treatments to strengthen enamel
  • Dental fillings to restore the tooth structure
  • Crowns for more extensive decay
  • Root canal therapy if the decay has reached the tooth pulp

Preventing Cavities

Maintaining proper oral hygiene is essential in preventing cavities. Brush and floss your teeth at least twice daily, and visit your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings to keep your teeth healthy and cavity-free.