Tooth Extraction

A tooth extraction, also known as exodontia, is a common dental procedure involving the removal of a tooth. Extractions may be necessary due to disease, trauma, overcrowding, or other dental conditions.

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Causes for Tooth Extraction

Tooth extractions may be performed for:

  • Wisdom teeth
  • Decayed teeth
  • Broken teeth
  • Overcrowding
  • Loose teeth
  • Preparation for braces

Tooth Extraction Procedure

After determining that an extraction is necessary, an X-ray is taken to evaluate the tooth. Extractions are typically performed under local anesthesia, though general anesthesia may be used for multiple teeth. There are two main types of extractions:

Simple Extraction

This involves removing a tooth that is visible in the mouth. Forceps are used to extract the tooth.

Surgical Extraction

Performed for teeth that have broken at the gum line or have not erupted, such as wisdom teeth. This complex procedure may require general anesthesia and is sometimes performed by an oral surgeon. Stitches may be needed, or a bridge, implant, or denture may be used to replace the tooth.

Who Is a Candidate for Tooth Extractions?

Ideal candidates include adults experiencing oral pain or rapidly decaying teeth. Children may also require extractions in certain situations. Generally, patients in good health who are non-smokers are good candidates. Patients with diabetes may require special consideration due to increased risk of gum disease.

Preparation for Tooth Extraction

Proper preparation can improve comfort and recovery:

  • Avoid smoking or tobacco
  • Brush teeth before your appointment
  • Avoid eating a large meal
  • Avoid alcohol
  • Avoid blood-thinning medications like aspirin
  • Arrange transportation if needed
  • Consult your doctor about fasting requirements

Pain During Extraction

Most extractions are not painful due to local anesthesia. Patients may feel movement and pressure, but discomfort is usually minimal.

Recovery from Tooth Extraction

After extraction, patients may experience some pain, which can be managed by:

  • Applying ice for swelling
  • Rinsing with warm salt water
  • Taking anti-inflammatory medication
  • Following any prescribed antibiotics

Patients should avoid certain foods and hot liquids for 24 hours. Recovery typically occurs within one to two weeks, and follow-up visits may be required to remove stitches.

Complications of Tooth Extraction

While generally safe, complications may include:

  • Accidental damage to surrounding teeth
  • Fractured jaw
  • Jaw soreness
  • Dry socket or bone exposure in the socket
  • Infection
  • Side effects from anesthesia

The dentist or oral surgeon will discuss potential risks and side effects before the procedure.